{"id":1292,"date":"2026-03-26T11:40:02","date_gmt":"2026-03-26T10:40:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/leprincedulac.fr\/index.php\/2026\/03\/26\/primevere-elevee\/"},"modified":"2026-06-24T15:08:41","modified_gmt":"2026-06-24T13:08:41","slug":"primevere-elevee","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/leprincedulac.fr\/index.php\/2026\/03\/26\/primevere-elevee\/","title":{"rendered":"PRIMEV\u00c8RE \u00c9LEV\u00c9E"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"planche-botanique\" style=\"text-align:center;margin:0 0 2em 0\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/leprincedulac.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/dessins\/Primev%C3%A8re%20%C3%A9lev%C3%A9e.jpg\" alt=\"Planche botanique Primev\u00e8re \u00e9lev\u00e9e\" class=\"planche-zoom\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:8px\" \/><\/div>\n<p>La primev\u00e8re \u00e9lev\u00e9e est la primev\u00e8re des sous-bois montagnards frais et des prairies humides d&rsquo;altitude. Ses grappes de fleurs jaune soufre p\u00e2le, port\u00e9es par une hampe dress\u00e9e de 15 \u00e0 30 cm, se distinguent de celles du coucou (<em>P. veris<\/em>) par leur couleur plus p\u00e2le, leur corolle plate (non concave) et leur calice non renfl\u00e9. Interm\u00e9diaire entre la primev\u00e8re acaule et le coucou \u2014 avec lesquels elle s&rsquo;hybride fr\u00e9quemment \u2014, elle est un bon indicateur des for\u00eats montagnardes fra\u00eeches sur sols riches. Son profil pharmacognosique (saponines, flavono\u00efdes) est analogue \u00e0 celui des autres primev\u00e8res.<\/p>\n<p><em>Primula<\/em><em> <\/em><em>elatior<\/em> (L.) Hill<\/p>\n<p>Famille (classification morphologique traditionnelle) : Primulaceae<\/p>\n<p>Noms vernaculaires :<\/p>\n<p>Primev\u00e8re \u00e9lev\u00e9e<\/p>\n<p>Primev\u00e8re officinale des bois<\/p>\n<p>Coucou des bois (localement)<\/p>\n<p>PRIMEV\u00c8RE \u00c9LEV\u00c9E est une plante de la famille des Primulac\u00e9es, \u00e9tudi\u00e9e ici sous ses aspects botaniques, phytochimiques et pharmacognosiques.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<hr>\n<h2>I. SYST\u00c9MATIQUE ET TAXONOMIE<\/h2>\n<p><!-- source: I. SYST\u00c9MATIQUE ET TAXONOMIE --><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>R\u00e8gne :<\/strong> Plantae<\/li>\n<li><strong>Division :<\/strong> Magnoliophyta (Angiospermes)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Classe :<\/strong> Magnoliopsida (Dicotyl\u00e9dones)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ordre :<\/strong> Primulales (classification classique)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Famille :<\/strong> Primulaceae<\/li>\n<li><strong>Genre :<\/strong> Primula<\/li>\n<li><strong>Esp\u00e8ce :<\/strong> Primula elatior<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Synonymes :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Primula officinalis var. elatior (ancien usage)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00c9tymologie :<\/strong> Primula = \u00ab petite premi\u00e8re \u00bb, en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la floraison pr\u00e9coce. Elatior = \u00ab plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 \u00bb, en lien avec la hauteur relative de la hampe florale.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<hr>\n<h2>II. DESCRIPTION BOTANIQUE<\/h2>\n<p><!-- source: II. CARACT\u00c8RES BOTANIQUES DE LA FAMILLE DES PRIMULACEAE --><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>plantes herbac\u00e9es<\/li>\n<li>feuilles souvent en rosette<\/li>\n<li>fleurs r\u00e9guli\u00e8res (actinomorphes)<\/li>\n<li>corolle \u00e0 tube<\/li>\n<li>ovaire sup\u00e8re.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>D\u00e9finition :<\/strong> Actinomorphe = fleur \u00e0 sym\u00e9trie radiale.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><!-- source: III. DESCRIPTION BOTANIQUE HYPER D\u00c9TAILL\u00c9E --><\/p>\n<p>Plante herbac\u00e9e vivace.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hauteur :<\/strong> 10 \u00e0 30 cm.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Port :<\/strong> dress\u00e9, en rosette basale.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><!-- source: IV. SYST\u00c8ME RACINAIRE --><\/p>\n<p><strong>Racine :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>rhizome court.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>D\u00e9finition :<\/strong> Rhizome = tige souterraine stockant des r\u00e9serves.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><!-- source: V. FEUILLES --><\/p>\n<p><strong>Disposition :<\/strong> en rosette basale.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Forme :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>oblongues \u00e0 ovales<\/li>\n<li>l\u00e9g\u00e8rement ondul\u00e9es.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Longueur :<\/strong> 5 \u00e0 15 cm.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bord :<\/strong> cr\u00e9nel\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Surface :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>rid\u00e9e<\/li>\n<li>l\u00e9g\u00e8rement pubescente.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>D\u00e9finition :<\/strong> Pubescent = couvert de poils fins.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><!-- source: VI. TIGES (HAMPE FLORALE) --><\/p>\n<p><strong>Hampe florale :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>sans feuilles<\/li>\n<li>dress\u00e9e<\/li>\n<li>fine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<p><!-- source: VII. INFLORESCENCE --><\/p>\n<p><strong>Type :<\/strong> ombelle.<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u00e9finition :<\/strong> Ombelle = ensemble de fleurs partant d\u2019un m\u00eame point.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nombre de fleurs :<\/strong> 5 \u00e0 15.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><!-- source: VIII. FLEURS --><\/p>\n<p><strong>Couleur :<\/strong> jaune p\u00e2le uniforme.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Caract\u00e8res distinctifs :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>absence de taches orang\u00e9es (contrairement \u00e0 Primula veris)<\/li>\n<li>fleurs pench\u00e9es.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Structure :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>corolle tubulaire \u00e0 5 lobes<\/li>\n<li>5 \u00e9tamines<\/li>\n<li>ovaire sup\u00e8re.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Floraison :<\/strong> mars \u00e0 mai.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pollinisation :<\/strong> entomophile.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><!-- source: IX. FRUIT --><\/p>\n<p><strong>Fruit :<\/strong> capsule. Contient de nombreuses petites graines.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><!-- source: X. HABITAT ET \u00c9COLOGIE --><\/p>\n<p><strong>Habitat :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>bois clairs<\/li>\n<li>prairies humides<\/li>\n<li>haies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences :<\/strong> sols frais sols riches en humus.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Altitude :<\/strong> jusqu\u2019\u00e0 2000 m.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><!-- source: XI. R\u00c9PARTITION --><\/p>\n<p><strong>Distribution :<\/strong> Europe.<\/p>\n<p><strong>En France :<\/strong> assez commune, surtout en zones foresti\u00e8res.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><!-- source: XIV. TABLEAU DES PRINCIPAUX COMPOS\u00c9S --><\/p>\n<h3>Classe | Mol\u00e9cules | Activit\u00e9s<\/h3>\n<h3>Saponosides | primulasaponines | expectorant<\/h3>\n<h3>Flavono\u00efdes | querc\u00e9tine | anti-inflammatoire<\/h3>\n<h3>H\u00e9t\u00e9rosides | primverine | s\u00e9datif l\u00e9ger<\/h3>\n<h3>Acides ph\u00e9noliques | acide caf\u00e9ique | antioxydant<\/h3>\n<hr>\n<p><!-- source: XVII. PROPRI\u00c9T\u00c9S M\u00c9DICINALES --><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>expectorant<\/li>\n<li>mucolytique<\/li>\n<li>anti-inflammatoire l\u00e9ger<\/li>\n<li>s\u00e9datif l\u00e9ger<\/li>\n<li>antispasmodique.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<p><!-- source: XX. USAGES ALIMENTAIRES --><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>fleurs comestibles<\/li>\n<li>d\u00e9corations<\/li>\n<li>sirops.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<p><!-- source: XXII. CONFUSIONS BOTANIQUES --><\/p>\n<p><strong>Avec :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Primula veris (primev\u00e8re officinale)<\/li>\n<li>Primula vulgaris (primev\u00e8re acaule).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Diff\u00e9rences majeures :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>fleurs plus p\u00e2les<\/li>\n<li>absence de taches orang\u00e9es<\/li>\n<li>habitat plus forestier.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<hr>\n<h2>III. PARTIES UTILIS\u00c9ES<\/h2>\n<p><!-- source: XII. PARTIES UTILIS\u00c9ES --><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>fleurs<\/li>\n<li>racines (plus rarement)<\/li>\n<li>feuilles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<hr>\n<h2>IV. PHYTOCHIMIE ET ANALYSE MOL\u00c9CULAIRE<\/h2>\n<p><!-- source: XIII. COMPOSITION PHYTOCHIMIQUE ET ANALYSE MOL\u00c9CULAIRE --><\/p>\n<h3>SAPONOSIDES TRITERP\u00c9NIQUES<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>primulasaponine I et II<\/li>\n<li>acides primuliques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>FLAVONO\u00cfDES<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/leprincedulac.fr\/index.php\/phytochimie\/quercetine\/\">querc\u00e9tine<\/a><\/li>\n<li>kaempf\u00e9rol.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>H\u00c9T\u00c9ROSIDES PH\u00c9NOLIQUES<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>primverine<\/li>\n<li>primulav\u00e9rine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>ACIDES PH\u00c9NOLIQUES<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>acide caf\u00e9ique.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>HUILE ESSENTIELLE (traces)<\/h3>\n<hr>\n<hr>\n<h2>V. M\u00c9CANISMES PHARMACODYNAMIQUES<\/h2>\n<p><!-- source: XV. M\u00c9CANISMES PHARMACOLOGIQUES --><\/p>\n<p><strong>Saponosides :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>stimulation des s\u00e9cr\u00e9tions bronchiques<\/li>\n<li>effet expectorant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Flavono\u00efdes :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>action anti-inflammatoire<\/li>\n<li>protection vasculaire.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>H\u00e9t\u00e9rosides :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>action s\u00e9dative l\u00e9g\u00e8re.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<hr>\n<h2>VI. DONN\u00c9ES CLINIQUES<\/h2>\n<p>Aucune donn\u00e9e clinique sp\u00e9cifique suffisamment d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e n\u2019\u00e9tait disponible dans la version initiale de la fiche. La rubrique est maintenue pour signaler explicitement cette limite plut\u00f4t que de la masquer.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h2>VII. TABLEAU DES PRINCIPAUX COMPOS\u00c9S<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Compos\u00e9<\/th>\n<th>Classe<\/th>\n<th>Lecture principale<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Huile essentielle<\/td>\n<td>Fraction aromatique<\/td>\n<td>Expression aromatique et activit\u00e9 associ\u00e9e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Flavono\u00efdes<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/leprincedulac.fr\/index.php\/phytochimie\/polyphenols\/\">Polyph\u00e9nols<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Modulation antioxydante et vasculaire<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Saponosides<\/td>\n<td>Glycosides<\/td>\n<td>Effets tensioactifs et usages doux traditionnels<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/leprincedulac.fr\/index.php\/phytochimie\/triterpenes\/\">Triterp\u00e8nes<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Terp\u00e9no\u00efdes<\/td>\n<td>Contribution anti-inflammatoire ou structurale<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Terp\u00e9no\u00efdes<\/td>\n<td>M\u00e9tabolites secondaires<\/td>\n<td>Contribution pharmacologique potentielle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Acides caf\u00e9iques<\/td>\n<td>Acides ph\u00e9noliques<\/td>\n<td>Contribution antioxydante<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr>\n<h2>VIII. FORMES GAL\u00c9NIQUES<\/h2>\n<p><!-- source: XVIII. FORMES GAL\u00c9NIQUES --><\/p>\n<h3>Infusion (fleurs)<\/h3>\n<h3>D\u00e9coction (racines)<\/h3>\n<h3>Teinture m\u00e8re<\/h3>\n<p>Extraits secs.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<hr>\n<h2>IX. TOXICOLOGIE<\/h2>\n<p><!-- source: XIX. EFFETS IND\u00c9SIRABLES ET CONTRE-INDICATIONS --><\/p>\n<p><strong>Effets ind\u00e9sirables :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>irritation gastrique possible (saponines)<\/li>\n<li>r\u00e9actions allergiques rares.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Contre-indications :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ulc\u00e8re gastrique<\/li>\n<li>hypersensibilit\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<hr>\n<h2>X. USAGES HISTORIQUES<\/h2>\n<p><!-- source: XXI. USAGES HISTORIQUES --><\/p>\n<div class=\"medical-section-panel\">\n<div class=\"medical-section-panel historical-panel\">\n<ul>\n<li>m\u00e9decine m\u00e9di\u00e9vale : troubles respiratoires<\/li>\n<li>plante associ\u00e9e au printemps et au renouveau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr>\n<h2>XI. SYNTH\u00c8SE PHARMACOGNOSIQUE<\/h2>\n<p><!-- source: XVI. SYNTH\u00c8SE DES \u00c9TUDES PHARMACOLOGIQUES --><\/p>\n<p>Donn\u00e9es extrapol\u00e9es des \u00e9tudes sur Primula veris.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Publications :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ESCOP<\/li>\n<li>Commission E.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Indications valid\u00e9es :<\/strong> toux productive affections bronchiques. Peu d\u2019\u00e9tudes sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 P. elatior.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><!-- source: XXIII. INT\u00c9R\u00caT \u00c9COLOGIQUE --><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>plante mellif\u00e8re<\/li>\n<li>importante pour pollinisateurs pr\u00e9coces.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<p><!-- source: XXIV. SYNTH\u00c8SE BOTANIQUE ET PHARMACOGNOSIQUE --><\/p>\n<p>Plante vivace des milieux frais caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par une ombelle de fleurs jaune p\u00e2le sans taches et une rosette basale de feuilles rid\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Int\u00e9r\u00eat m\u00e9dicinal :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>comparable \u00e0 Primula veris<\/li>\n<li>surtout expectorant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<hr>\n<h2>XII. BIBLIOGRAPHIE ACAD\u00c9MIQUE<\/h2>\n<p><!-- source: XXV. BIBLIOGRAPHIE ACAD\u00c9MIQUE --><\/p>\n<h3>ESCOP Monographs<\/h3>\n<h3>Commission E (BfArM)<\/h3>\n<h3>Bruneton J. \u2013 Pharmacognosie<\/h3>\n<h3>Flora Gallica<\/h3>\n<h3>Flora Europaea<\/h3>\n<h3>Journal of Ethnopharmacology<\/h3>\n<h3>Phytotherapy Research<\/h3>\n<hr>\n<h2>PROPRI\u00c9T\u00c9S M\u00c9DICINALES \u2014 NOTATION<\/h2>\n<ul style=\"padding-left:0\">\n<li><strong>\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606<\/strong> Expectorant<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606\u2606<\/strong> Antitussif<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606\u2606<\/strong> Anti-inflammatoire<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u2605\u2605\u2606\u2606\u2606<\/strong> Antispasmodique<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u2605\u2606\u2606\u2606\u2606<\/strong> S\u00e9datif<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La primev\u00e8re \u00e9lev\u00e9e est la primev\u00e8re des sous-bois montagnards frais et des prairies humides d&rsquo;altitude. Ses grappes de fleurs jaune soufre p\u00e2le, port\u00e9es par une [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"0","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[90],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1292","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-primulacees"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/leprincedulac.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1292","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/leprincedulac.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/leprincedulac.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leprincedulac.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leprincedulac.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1292"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/leprincedulac.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1292\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12874,"href":"https:\/\/leprincedulac.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1292\/revisions\/12874"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/leprincedulac.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1292"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leprincedulac.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1292"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leprincedulac.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1292"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}